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Clinical Benefit in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Treated with Modified Citrus Pectin: A Prospective Pilot Study
Marc Azémar,Bernd Hildenbrand,Brigitte Haering,Manfred E. Heim
Clinical Medicine : Oncology , 2007,
Abstract: Purpose: We conducted a pilot trial to assess the tolerability, clinical benefit and antitumoral efficacy of modified (hydrolysed) citrus pectin (MCP) in 49 patients with various solid tumors in an advanced state of progression. MCP are hydrolysed from polysaccharide pectin fi bers, derived from citrus fruits and acting as a ligand for Galectin-3. Preclinical investigations revealed an efficient inhibition of tumor development and metastasis in various tumor models.Patients and Methods: The treatment consisted of the oral intake of 5 g MCP three times a day. One cycle of therapy was defined as 4 weeks of treatment. Objectives were clinical benefi t (pain, functional performance, weight change), safety, tumor response (RESIST criteria) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ30).Results: 49 patients were enrolled, 29 patients were able to be evaluated for clinical benefit after 2 cycles of treatment. All patients tolerated the therapy well without any severe therapy-related adverse events. After 2 cycles of oral intake of MCP, 6/29 patients (20.7%) had an overall clinical benefit response associated with a stabilization or improvement of life quality.On an intent to treat basis 11/49 patients (22,5%) showed a stable disease (SD) after 2 cycles and 6/49 patients (12,3%) had a SD for a period longer than 24 weeks. One patient suffering from metastasized prostate carcinoma showed a 50% decrease in serum PSA level after 16 weeks of treatment associated with a significant increase of clinical benefit, quality of life and decrease in pain.Conclusion: MCP seems to have positive impacts especially regarding clinical benefit and life quality for patients with far advanced solid tumors. The presented preliminary data encourage us to further investigate the role of MCP in cancer prevention and treatment.
Key Role of Splenic Myeloid DCs in the IFN-αβ Response to Adenoviruses In Vivo
Gy？rgy Fejer ,Lisa Drechsel,Jan Liese,Ulrike Schleicher,Zsolt Ruzsics,Nicola Imelli,Urs F. Greber,Simone Keck,Bernd Hildenbrand,Anne Krug,Christian Bogdan,Marina A. Freudenberg
PLOS Pathogens , 2008, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000208
Abstract: The early systemic production of interferon (IFN)-αβ is an essential component of the antiviral host defense mechanisms, but is also thought to contribute to the toxic side effects accompanying gene therapy with adenoviral vectors. Here we investigated the IFN-αβ response to human adenoviruses (Ads) in mice. By comparing the responses of normal, myeloid (m)DC- and plasmacytoid (p)DC-depleted mice and by measuring IFN-αβ mRNA expression in different organs and cells types, we show that in vivo, Ads elicit strong and rapid IFN-αβ production, almost exclusively in splenic mDCs. Using knockout mice, various strains of Ads (wild type, mutant and UV-inactivated) and MAP kinase inhibitors, we demonstrate that the Ad-induced IFN-αβ response does not require Toll-like receptors (TLR), known cytosolic sensors of RNA (RIG-I/MDA-5) and DNA (DAI) recognition and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, but is dependent on viral endosomal escape, signaling via the MAP kinase SAPK/JNK and IRF-7. Furthermore, we show that Ads induce IFN-αβ and IL-6 in vivo by distinct pathways and confirm that IFN-αβ positively regulates the IL-6 response. Finally, by measuring TNF-α responses to LPS in Ad-infected wild type and IFN-αβR？/？ mice, we show that IFN-αβ is the key mediator of Ad-induced hypersensitivity to LPS. These findings indicate that, like endosomal TLR signaling in pDCs, TLR-independent virus recognition in splenic mDCs can also produce a robust early IFN-αβ response, which is responsible for the bulk of IFN-αβ production induced by adenovirus in vivo. The signaling requirements are different from known TLR-dependent or cytosolic IFN-αβ induction mechanisms and suggest a novel cytosolic viral induction pathway. The hypersensitivity to components of the microbial flora and invading pathogens may in part explain the toxic side effects of adenoviral gene therapy and contribute to the pathogenesis of adenoviral disease.
The 1,4-benzodiazepine Ro5-4864 (4-chlorodiazepam) suppresses multiple pro-inflammatory mast cell effector functions
Omid Sascha Yousefi, Thomas Wilhelm, Karin Maschke-Neu？, Marcel Kuhny, Christian Martin, Gerhard J Molderings, Felix Kratz, Bernd Hildenbrand, Michael Huber
Cell Communication and Signaling , 2013, DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-13
Abstract:
Endoscopic resection techniques for colorectal neoplasia: Current developments
Franz Ludwig Dumoulin,Ralf Hildenbrand
- , 2019, DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.300
Abstract:
Electrodynamics—Two Versions and One Problem  [PDF]
Bernd Hüttner
Journal of Modern Physics (JMP) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2014.56054
Abstract:

Based on two versions of Maxwell’s Equations we investigate the Poynting vector, the energy transport and the dispersion relation both for right- and left-handed systems. Furthermore, it is shown that the latter systems are necessarily dispersive in contrast to the former ones. In the end we discuss a published example where the mixing of expressions of both versions of Maxwell’s Equations leads to unphysical conclusions. The presentation demonstrates for students how flexible can be the work with different versions of electrodynamics but also how carefully one has to be thereby.

Application of Artificial Neuron Network in Analysis of Railway Delays  [PDF]
Jia Hu, Bernd Noche
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2016.411005
Abstract:
Punctuality is a key performance indicator of train freight transport. However, train delay arises often in the practice. To improve the efficiency of cargo train, prediction of train delay is always an important research area. In this paper, a prediction model is established on the base of artificial neural network (ANN). Due the endogen drawback of ANN, Genetic Algorithm is adopted to improve the performance of ANN. Consequently, an experiment is design to train and test the ANN-based model by a set of data from the practice. The results of the experiment demonstrate the significant propagation ability of the model.
Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Gold Nanolayer Coated Latent Fingermarks: Deciphering Overlapping Features by Statistical Analysis  [PDF]
Christian Elsner, Bernd Abel
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science (ACES) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/aces.2016.65050
Abstract: Overlapping latent fingermarks constitute a serious challenge to database related recognition and matching algorithms in biometry, forensic and crime scene investigations. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for deciphering and analyzing overlapping fingermarks based on the individual chemical information of each deposit. Fingermark MSI in practice still requires a subjective judgment of an MSI expert, such that rapid analysis, automation, standardization, and a quantitative evaluation of the complete detection and separation process of overlapped fingermarks from MSI data sets is the ultimate goal and will be necessary to become an accepted process in criminal investigations and law enforcement. Here we investigated the feasibility and efficiency of different statistical approaches for the separation of overlapped latent fingermarks based on MSI data. Entropy analysis of generated m/z-images was used to evaluate the results obtained from the statistical analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate and discuss the opportunity to reconstitute and separate overlapping fingermarks by discrete scanning at selected x,y-positions defined from a previous image analysis using a more simple schema based on visible and therefore optical distinguishable overlapped ink-based fingermarks. The overlapped latent fingermarks were developed by rapid gold sputter coating and analyzed by laser based MSI, without (organic) matrix preparation. Latent finger marks can be transferred from the substrate/surface with and conserved on a soft gold sputtered soft membrane at low temperatures.
Feelings Which Strike a Chord, and Chords Which Strike a Feeling  [PDF]
Bernd Willimek, Daniela Willimek
Open Journal of Acoustics (OJA) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/oja.2017.71002
Abstract: The first part of this article addresses the main premise of the Theory of Musical Equilibration. It states that in contrast to previous hypotheses, music does not directly describe emotions: instead; it evokes processes of the will which the listener identifies with. It is not until these processes are experienced that music appears to take on an emotional character. The second part of the article focuses on demonstrating the emotional nature of musical harmonies. The Basic Test and the Rocky Test are presented. These tests were designed to find correlations between chords and scenes from fairy tales as well as emotional terms. 86% of the participants correlated the musical selection to the emotion outlined by the Theory of Musical Equilibration the authors developed in this context.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission from the Neodymium Oxide Electrolysis. Part II: Basics of a Process Control Avoiding PFC Emission  [PDF]
Hanno Vogel, Bernd Friedrich
International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy (IJNM) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/ijnm.2017.63003
Abstract: The neodymium electrolysis produces unnecessary high emission of CF4 and C2F6. These perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent greenhouse gases and are not filtered or destroyed in the off-gas. A process control in analogy to the aluminum electrolysis can reduce the PFC emission to a great extend and keep the process in a green process window. Therefore, a theoretical analysis is done of the cell voltage of the industrial neodymium electrolysis in dependence on the neodymium oxide concentration in the electrolyte. The analysis shows the different contributions to the cell voltage focusing on the impact of the anodic overvoltage on the cell voltage, by which the electrolysis process can be controlled. The model of the cell voltage is evaluated by laboratory neodymium electrolysis with a similar setup as the industrial cell. The relation of the oxide concentration, the anodic current density and the cell voltage with the cell resistance are measured. The continuous off-gas measurements show the gas concentration and PFC emissions. The effect of Nd2O3 feeding on the galvanostatic electrolysis is analyzed as well. Based on the results a process control strategy is proposed similar to the aluminum electrolysis strategy. The green process window is in a narrow oxide concentration range, making a continuous and precise oxide feeding essential.
Sudden massive neck swelling due to hemorrhage of a thyroid adenoma: a case report
Evangelos I Giotakis, Tanja Hildenbrand, Joachim Dodenh？ft
Journal of Medical Case Reports , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-391
Abstract: We report the case of a 71-year-old Caucasian man with sudden massive neck swelling due to intralesional bleeding of a thyroid adenoma. We present his clinical history, physical examination results, computed tomography (CT) scans, and histological findings after surgery. He presented with sudden massive swelling of the left side of his neck after sneezing while working with his hands over his head. An ear, nose, and throat examination showed a painless swelling of the left side of his neck and a displacement of his larynx to the right. CT scans revealed a mass originating from the left lobe of his thyroid gland and the mass displaced his larynx and trachea. A surgical exploration showed a greatly enlarged left lobe of his thyroid gland. A histopathological examination showed a hemorrhagic infarction of a follicular thyroid adenoma.Sudden intralesional bleeding of a thyroid adenoma is a rare condition but one that should be considered in cases of sudden and massive swelling of the neck.Follicular adenomas, arising from the thyroid follicles, are the most common benign tumors of the thyroid gland. They are more common in women than in men and occur in all age groups. Most adenomas are inactive and appear as cold nodules on scintigraphy images. However, autonomous adenomas, which can produce thyroid hormone without the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone, appear as hot nodules on scintigraphy images.As long as the patient is euthyroid, the clinical symptoms are limited to a palpable neck swelling that depends on the size of the adenoma. If hyperthyroidism develops, other typical clinical symptoms such as weight loss, hair loss, restlessness, palpitation, sweating, thirst, and diarrhea can be observed. If the blood supply to an adenoma is insufficient, the tumor can stop growing and involute. Adenomas can also become necrotic and calcified.A 71-year-old Caucasian man was admitted with sudden swelling of the left side of his neck to the emergency department of our
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